Method and apparatus for provisioning a scalable communications network

ABSTRACT

A method that incorporates teachings of the subject disclosure may include, for example, determining at a first directory server of a first regional call processing system whether a new name authority pointer associated with a telephone number is within a first geographic region of the first regional call processing system, transmitting the new name authority pointer to a first name server of the first regional call processing system for provisioning the name authority pointer to the first name server responsive to determining that the telephone number is located within the first geographic region, and transmitting the new name authority pointer to a second directory server for provisioning the new name authority pointer to a second name server of a second regional call processing system responsive to determining that the telephone number is not located within the first geographic region. Other embodiments are disclosed.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/606,644, filed Jan. 27, 2015, which is aContinuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/689,087, filed Nov. 29, 2012 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,976,784). Thecontents of the foregoing are hereby incorporated by reference into thisapplication as if set forth herein in full.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The subject relates generally to telecommunications and morespecifically to an apparatus and methods for provisioning a scalablecommunications network.

BACKGROUND

As communications technology improves and demand for communicationservices grows, providers often seek to adjust systems to incorporatethe improved technology and expand those systems to accommodate thegrowing demand Systems that are slow to adjust or expand can beundesirable and are often rendered obsolete. Systems that expand byproviding unnecessary redundancy are inefficient and costly. Advances intelecommunication technologies create opportunities for integratingcommunication capabilities as well as challenges for transitioningbetween technological generations.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are notnecessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:

FIGS. 1, 2, 3A-3D, 4A-4D, 5A-5D, 6A-6D and 7A-7D depict illustrativeembodiments of a hierarchical telephone number mapping system for or ascalable and decentralized telephone number mapping;

FIGS. 8-12 depict illustrative embodiments of data flow for provisioningname authority pointers within the communication systems of FIGS. 1, 2,3A-3D, 4A-4D, 5A-5D, 6A-6D, 7A-7D and 14-15;

FIG. 13 depicts an illustrative embodiment of a method operating inportions of the system described in FIGS. 1, 2, 3A-3D, 5A-5D and 6A-6D;

FIGS. 14-15 depict illustrative embodiments of communication systemsthat provide telephony communications;

FIG. 16 depicts an illustrative embodiment of a web portal forinteracting with the communication systems of FIGS. 1, 2, 3A-3D, 4A-4D,5A-5D, 6A-6D, 7A-7D and 14-15;

FIG. 17 depicts an illustrative embodiment of a communication device;and

FIG. 18 is a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the form of acomputer system within which a set of instructions, when executed, maycause the machine to perform any one or more of the methods describedherein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The subject disclosure describes, among other things, illustrativeembodiments for scaling a tElephone NUmber Mapping (ENUM) service in acommunications network. Other embodiments are described in the subjectdisclosure.

One embodiment of the subject disclosure includes a method includingreceiving, by a first directory server of a first regional callprocessing system, a new name authority pointer associated with atelephone number and comprising an internet protocol address forestablishing communications with a communication device associated withthe telephone number. The method also includes determining, by the firstdirectory server, whether the new name authority pointer is within afirst geographic region of the first regional call processing systembased on a numbering plan area code of the telephone number. The methodfurther includes storing, by the first directory server, the new nameauthority pointer at a first directory responsive to determining thatthe telephone number is located within the first geographic region. Themethod includes transmitting, by the first directory server, the newname authority pointer to a second directory server of a second regionalcall processing system responsive to determining that the telephonenumber is not located within the first geographic region, wherein thesecond directory server is accessible by a second name server of thesecond regional call processing system for provisioning the new nameauthority pointer to the second name server. The method includesreceiving, by the directory server, a first query for the new nameauthority point from a first name server of the first regionalprocessing system and, in turn, transmitting, by the directory server,the new name authority pointer to the first name server for provisioningthe name authority pointer to the first name server responsive to thefirst query

One embodiment of the subject disclosure includes a device comprising amemory to store computer instructions and a processor coupled to thememory. The processor can perform operations responsive to executing thecomputer instructions including transmitting a first query to a firstdirectory server of a first regional call processing system for a newname authority pointer associated with a telephone number and comprisingan internet protocol address for establishing communications with acommunication device associated with the telephone number. The processorcan also perform operations for receiving the new name authority pointerfrom the first directory server responsive to the first query. Theprocessor can further perform operations for storing the new nameauthority pointer received from the first directory server at the firstname server. The processor can perform operations for receiving a firstrequest for the new name authority pointer from a second name server ofthe first regional call processing system. The processor can furtherperform operations for transmitting the new name authority pointer tothe second name server responsive to the first request.

One embodiment of the subject disclosure includes a computer-readablestorage medium including computer instructions, which, responsive tobeing executed by a processor, can cause the processor to performoperations for determining at a first directory server of a firstregional call processing system whether a new name authority pointerassociated with a telephone number is within a first geographic regionof the first regional call processing system. The computer instructionscan cause the processor to perform operations for transmitting the newname authority pointer to a first name server of the first regionalprocessing system for provisioning the name authority pointer to thefirst name server responsive to determining that the telephone number islocated within the first geographic region. The computer instructionscan cause the processor to perform operations for transmitting the newname authority pointer to a second directory server for provisioning thenew name authority pointer to a second name server of a second regionalcall processing system responsive to determining that the telephonenumber is not located within the first geographic region.

FIG. 1 depicts an illustrative embodiment of a hierarchical telephonenumber mapping system 100 for a scalable and decentralized telephonenumber mapping is shown. Referring to FIG. 1, in one embodiment, thesystem 100 includes a national subscriber server 130 and a series ofregional call processing sites 140, 150, 160, 170, and 180. For example,regional call processing sites 140-180 can be established for the NorthEast, South East, North Central, South Central, and South regions of thenation, respectively. Other geographic or non-geographic regionaldevices are possible.

Referring now to FIG. 2, a regional processing site 180 of thehierarchical telephone number mapping system 100 is shown. The regionalprocessing site 180 can be constructed from one or more sub-sites 210and 260. For example, the region 3 (North Central) processing site 180can be realized using a combination of two sub-sites 210 and 260, whereeach sub-site is in a different location within the North Central Regionof the nation. In one example, the first sub-site 210 can be in theChicago, Ill., and the second sub-site 260 can be in Cleveland, Ohio.Each sub-site 210 and 260 services the North Central region. In oneembodiment, the sub-sites 210 and 260 within the regional processingsite 180 are in interactive communication to facilitate sharing ofworkload.

In one embodiment, each regional sub-site 210 and 260 can include one ormore lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP) servers 220 and 270.In one embodiment, a LDAP server 220, also called a directory server220, executes provisioning software and acts as a master LDAP server220. In one embodiment, in a nationwide system 100, an additional masterLDAP server 220 can be configured at a different regional site. Forexample a first master LDAP server 220 can be configured at the NorthCentral regional call processing site 150 while a second master LDAPserver can be configured at the South Central site 170. With thistechnique either the North Central site 160 or the South Central site170 can serve as the beginning point for provisioning subscription datathroughout the system 100. In one embodiment, a subscriber server 130can transmit new or updated subscriber data 204 to the system 100. Inone embodiment, the subscriber data 204 can include name authoritypointer (NAPTR) data that can provide an internet protocol address, suchas a universal resource locator (URL) or a universal resource identifier(URI). The internet protocol address is associated with a telephonenumber so that a database of NAPTR records can provide an internetprotocol address for a communication device in response to an input of atelephone number.

In one embodiment, only one master LDAP server 220 can be allowed topropagate changes through the system 100 to prevent synchronizationissues. In one embodiment, one of the master LDAP servers 220 can be thepreferred or default master while the other master LDAP server can beused as a slave LDAP server until needed. In a further embodiment, theother ENUM LDAP server 270 can be configured as a slave. In oneembodiment, the master ENUM LDAP server 220 allows the sub-site 210 toprocess NAPTR replication processing regardless of the destinationgeographic area of the terminating device. In another embodiment, themaster ENUM LDAP server 220 can be duplicated and distributed to othersites 140-180 and sub-sites 210 and 260 across the national telephonyprocessing network 100. The slave ENUM LDAP server 225 can facilitateload balancing and redundancy for maximizing the efficiency of NAPTRreplication processing while providing fault tolerance.

In one embodiment, NAPTR data 204 is delivered from the subscriberserver 130 only to the currently active master LDAP server 220. Inanother embodiment the NAPTR data 204 can be replicated from the masterLDAP server 220 to other LDAP servers 270. For example, multi-masterreplication (MMR) can be used to replicate the received NAPTR data 204.In one embodiment, NAPTR information 204 is issued by the subscriberserver 130 in response to a change in status of a communication deviceof a communication system. For example, if a new communication device,such as a smart phone, is added to a communication system, then a NAPTRwill be issued to link the device to a new or transferred telephonenumber and to an internet protocol address. In another example, a NAPTRwill be issued when the telephone number of an existing device ischanged or when the device adds or deletes a service function, such asinternet data downloading.

In one embodiment, the processing sub-sites 210 and 260 include mastername servers 225 and 275. The master name servers 225 and 275 can beused to propagate new or updated NAPTR records throughout the sub-regionsites 210 and 260. In one embodiment, the master name servers 225 and275 can receive NAPTR data from the master LDAP server 220. The mastername servers 225 and 275 can then propagate the NAPTR data to banks ofslave name server 230 and 280. In one embodiment, the banks of slavename servers 230 and 280 can include multiple additional in-region nameservers and multiple additional out-of-region name servers. In oneembodiment, the name servers are scalable to facilitate growth of usageand to account for regional imbalances in access. For example, a bank ofslave name servers 230 can have a number of in-region name servers,where each in-region server can include a complete set of all NAPTRrecords corresponding to every telephone number in the geographic regionof the North Central processing site 160. For instance, a sub-site 210in Chicago, Ill., can include four in-region slave name servers in theslave name server bank 230, where each in-region server includes acomplete NAPTR listing for all telephone numbers in the North Centralregion. If access patterns indicate that additional NAPTR lookupcapacity is needed in the North Central region at the Chicago sub-site210, then additional in-region servers can easily be added to the slavename server bank 230. In another embodiment, if usage patterns indicatea need for more capacity only in a particular NPA code region, such asonly in the Illinois region, then one or more in-region slave nameservers can be added to the slave name server bank 230, where theadditional in-region slave name servers are confined to the sub-set ofNPA codes for the specified North Central region.

In one embodiment, the slave server bank 230 at the sub-site 210 caninclude one or more servers that contain entire NAPTR sets forout-of-region telephone numbers. For example, the Chicago sub-site 210can include one or more out-of-region slave name servers with the NAPTRset for all telephone numbers in the South Central Region that includesTexas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana. Similarly, the Chicago sub-site 210 caninclude one or more out-of-region slave name servers 630 for the othernational regions (North East, West, and South East). In anotherembodiment, additional out-of-region slave name servers 230 can be addedto accommodate usage patterns.

The combination of in-region and out-of-region slave name servers 230 atthe slave name server bank 230 for each sub-site 210 facilitatesprocessing of any national telephone number at any sub-site. Inaddition, dividing the NAPTR sets between in-region and out-of-regionslave name servers in the slave name server banks 230 allows the overalldatabase for each slave name server to be maintained at a sufficientlysmall size to facilitate efficient query search and response.Furthermore, since in-region and out-of-region slave name servercapacity can be added or subtracted from the slave name server bank 230of the sub-site 210, it is possible to optimize NAPTR response time atthe regional processing site 180 or sub-site 210 without requiringinterstate communication or excessive equipment.

In one embodiment, the processing site 180 is provisioned by asubscriber server 130 that can collect, catalog, and distribute NAPTRrecords that link telephone numbers to IP addresses for communicationdevices. In one embodiment, the subscriber serer 130 can accesstelephone number and IP address data for communication devicessubscribed for usage on a communication system In one embodiment, thesubscriber server 130 can distribute NAPTR data 204 to the master LDAPserver 220 at a regional processing site 180 or a sub-site 210. TheNAPTR data 204 can include records for in-region telephone numbers andfor out-of-region telephone numbers. The master LDAP server 220 canfurther distribute the NAPTR sets to the master name servers 225 and 275for further distribution to the slave name servers 230 and 280.

In one embodiment, a sub-site 180 can be accessed whenever a callsession from a communication system is initiated within the geographicregion of the sub-site 180. In one embodiment, a query is initiated thatis forwarded to the sub-site 210, 260 that is closest to the callingparty. For example, a call initiated near the Chicago sub-site 180 canbe processed at the Chicago sub-site 180. In other embodiment, the querycan be routed to either sub-site 180 depending on operational factors,such as capacity, volume of calls, maintenance, and/or down time at thesub-sites. In one embodiment, the query can be handled by an ENUM client240 at the sub-site 210. The ENUM client 240 can determine whether thetelephone number of the terminating device that is referenced by thequery is a number that is within the geographic region of the site 180.In one embodiment, the ENUM client 240 can compare the NPA code of theterminating communication device to a set of NPA codes for the sub-site180. If the telephone number is within the region, then the ENUM client240 can send a request to an in-region slave name server at the slavename server bank 230 for a NAPTR associated with the number. If thetelephone number is not in-region, then the ENUM client can furtherprocess the query by determining which region of the national systemmatches the telephone number. For example, the ENUM client 240 cancompare the NPA of the telephone number to a set of all NPA codes in thenational system and determine which region corresponds to the NPA code.In one embodiment, the ENUM client 240 can then forward a request forthe NAPTR to the correct out-of-region slave naming server at the slavename server bank 230 of the sub-site 210.

In one embodiment, the ENUM client 240 at the sub-site 210 can forwardthe received query to another sub-site 260. For example, a queryreceived at the Chicago sub-site 210 can be forwarded to the Clevelandsub-site 260 for processing. In one embodiment, forwarding can beinitiated by a lack of availability of the ENUM client 240 or by anover-loading of the sub-site 210. In another embodiment, an availabilityissue with any part of the sub-site 210, such as with any part of thename servers 230 can trigger a re-routing of the query from the firstsub-site 210 to the second sub-site 260. In one embodiment, the ENUMclient 240 of a first sub-site 210 can submit the request to the ENUMclient of the second sub-site. In another embodiment, the first ENUMclient 240 can directly access a regional slave name server bank 280 atthe second sub-site 260, without re-routing the query to the ENUM client290 of the second sub-site 260.

FIGS. 3A-3D depict illustrative embodiments of the hierarchicaltelephone number mapping system 100. Server installations for the NorthCentral regional processing site 205 and the South Central regionalprocessing site 170 are shown. In one embodiment, an entire nationaltelephone processing system can be implemented through the combinationof the North Central regional processing site 160 and the South Centralregional processing site 170 by performing call processing for all ofthe five regions at the two regional sites 160 and 170. In anotherembodiment, additional regional processing sites 140, 180, and 190 canbe added to North Central regional processing site 160 and the SouthCentral regional processing site 170 to increase capacity and/or improvethroughput.

In one embodiment, each regional processing site 160 can includemultiple sub-sites 210 and 260. For example, the North Central regionalprocessing site 160 can include a Chicago sub-site 210 and a Clevelandsub-site 160. In another example, the South Central regional processingsite 170 can include a San Antonio sub-site 330 and a Kansas Citysub-site 335. In one embodiment, server components of each of thesub-sites 210 and 260 of a regional processing site 160 can communicatewith one another, can share configuration and update data, and can offload processing tasks to facilitate efficient processing of call sessiondata. In one embodiment, each sub-site 210 can include two LDAP servers340 a and 340 b, two operations, administration, maintenance, andprovisioning (OAMP) servers 344 a-344 b, one master name server 348,three in-region slave name servers 352 a, 352 b, and 352 c, and eightout-of-region slave name servers 360. For the Chicago sub-site 210, eachone of the two LDAP server 340 a and 340 b can be configured as a masterLDAP server for local fail over.

FIGS. 4A-4D depict illustrative embodiments of the hierarchicaltelephone number mapping system 100. Details for provisioning NAPTR datainto slave name servers 352 a-c are illustrated. Provisioning data isgenerated by the subscriber server 130 and delivered to the master LDAPserver 340 a. In this embodiment, the master LDAP server 340 a islocated at the Chicago sub-site 210 of the North Central regionalprocessing site 160. In one embodiment, the master LDAP server 340 a cantemporarily store the received NAPTR data at a directory. In oneembodiment, each of the LDAP servers 340 a-b-of the North Centralregional processing site 160 are synchronized such that all of theseLDAP servers 340 a-b reflect the most current NAPTR updating. In oneembodiment, the LDAP servers 340 a-b synchronize using multi-masterreplication.

In one embodiment, the master name server 348 for the North Centralregional processing site 160 monitors the directory of the North Centralregion LDAP servers 340 a-b for an indication that new NAPTR data hasbeen received. For example, the master name server 348 can perform adirectory search on any of the regional LDAP servers 340 a-b todetermine if a new NAPTR has been received, which could change thecurrent NAPTR data configuration for the North Central region or zone.When the master name server 348 determines that new NAPRT data has beenreceived, then master name server 348 requests the NAPTR data andreceives the NAPTR data from one of the LDAP servers 340 a-b. In oneembodiment, the master name server 348 notifies the OAMP servers 344 a-bfor the sub-site 210 to inform these servers 344 a-b of the availabilityof new NAPTR data. In one embodiment, the OAMP servers 344 a-b requestand receive the new NAPTR data from the master name server 348 topropagate the new NAPTR data to the OAMP servers 344 a-b. In anotherembodiment, the OAMP servers 344 a-b notify the in-region slave nameservers 352 a-c for the sub-site 210 to inform these slave name servers352 a-c of the availability of new NAPTR data. In one embodiment, thein-region slave name servers 352 a-c request and receive the new NAPTRdata from the OAMP servers 344 a-b to propagate the new NAPTR data tothe in-region slave name servers 352 a-c.

FIGS. 5A-5D depict illustrative embodiments of the hierarchicaltelephone number mapping system 100. Additional details for provisioningNAPTR data into slave name servers are illustrated. In one embodiment,the OAMP servers 344 a-b can further notify slave name servers 552 a-dthat are in-region for the North Central processing site 160 but thatare located at the Cleveland sub-site 260 to inform these otherin-region slave name servers 552 a-d of the availability of new NAPTRdata. In addition, the OAMP servers 344 a-b can further notify slavename servers 562 a-b that are out-of-region for the South Centralprocessing site 170 and are located at the San Antonio sub-site 330. Inone embodiment, the Cleveland in-region slave name servers 552 a-d andthe San Antonio out-of-region slave name servers 562 a-b can request andreceive the new NAPTR data from the OAMP servers 344 a-b to propagatethe new NAPTR data through both regional processing sites 160 and 170.

In one embodiment, the in-region slave name servers 352 a-c request andreceive the new NAPTR data from the OAMP servers 344 a-b to propagatethe new NAPTR data to the in-region slave name servers 352 a-c.

FIGS. 6A-6D depict illustrative embodiments of the hierarchicaltelephone number mapping system 100. Additional details for provisioningNAPTR data into slave name servers are illustrated. In one embodiment,the subscriber server 130 prefers the master LDAP server 340 a at theChicago sub-site for provisioning NAPTR data. However, in anotherembodiment, the subscriber server 130 can detect a failure at the masterLDAP server 340 a and can respond to that failure by switching to adifferent master LDAP server at either the Chicago sub-site 210, atanother sub-site 260 in the same regional processing site 160, or atanother regional processing site 170. In one embodiment, the subscriberserver 130 can be configured to automatically switch to the San Antoniomaster LDAP server 640 a upon a failure at the Chicago master LDAPserver 340 a to provide a redundant provisioning path via a differentgeographic region.

FIGS. 7A-7D depict illustrative embodiments of the hierarchicaltelephone number mapping system 100. Additional details for provisioningNAPTR data into slave name servers are illustrated. In one embodiment,the master LDAP server 340 a can determine the geographic location of anewly received NAPTR based on the NPA code (area code) of the telephonenumber embedded in the NAPTR. For example, the master LDAP server 340 acan determine from a NPA code of 312 that the NAPTR is for acommunication device in the North Central region. In another example,the master LDAP server 340 a can determine from a NPA code of 972 thatthe NAPTR is for a communication device in the South Central region.Where the master LDAP server 340 a determines that the NAPTR is for theSouth Central region, then one of the LDAP servers 340 a-b copies thenew NAPTR to a LDAP server 640 a at the San Antonio sub-site 330 of theSouth Central region 170.

In one embodiment, the master name server 648 for the South Centralregional processing site 170 monitors the directory of the South Centralregion LDAP servers 640 a for an indication that new NAPTR data has beenreceived. For example, the master name server 648 can perform adirectory search on any of the regional LDAP servers 640 a to determinethat a new NAPTR has been received which would change the current NAPTRdata configuration for the South Central region or zone. When the mastername server 648 determines that new NAPRT data has been received, thenmaster name server 648 requests the NAPTR data and receives the NAPTRdata from the LDAP server 640 a. In one embodiment, the master nameserver 648 notifies an OAMP server 644 a for its sub-site 330 to informof the availability of new NAPTR data. In one embodiment, the OAMPserver 644 a requests and receives the new NAPTR data from the mastername server 648 to thereby propagate the new NAPTR data to the OAMPservers 644 a. In another embodiment, the OAMP server 644 a notifies thein-region slave name servers 562 a-b for the sub-site 330 to inform ofthe availability of new NAPTR data. In one embodiment, the in-regionslave name servers 652 a-b can request and receive the new NAPTR datafrom the OAMP server 644 a to propagate the new NAPTR data to thein-region slave name servers 562 a-b.

In another embodiment, the master name server 348 for the North Centralregional processing site 170 can monitor the directory of the NorthCentral region LDAP servers 340 a-b for an indication that new NAPTRdata has been received that would change the current NAPTR dataconfiguration for out-or-region slave name servers at the North Centralregion or zone. The master name server 348 can requests and receive theNAPTR data from an LDAP server 340 a-b. In one embodiment, the mastername server 348 can notify the sub-site OAMP server 344 a-b of theavailability of new NAPTR data, and the OAMP servers 344 a-b can requestand receive the new NAPTR data from the master name server 348 tothereby propagate the new NAPTR data to the sub-site OAMP servers 344a-b. In another embodiment, the OAMP servers 344 a-b can notify therelevant out-of-region slave name servers 356 a-b for the sub-site 210of the availability of new NAPTR data for the South Central region. Inone embodiment, the in-region slave name servers 356 a-b can request andreceive the new NAPTR data from the OAMP servers 344 a-b to propagatethe new NAPTR data to the in-region slave name servers 356 a-b.

FIGS. 8-12 depict illustrative embodiments of data flow within thecommunication system of FIGS. 1-2 and 5-6. In one embodiment, the masterLDAP server 340 a can receive a request 804 from the subscriber server130 to add a NAPTR record. For example, the request can take the form ofan ADD command that includes an internet protocol address referenced toa telephone number that is provided in “.arpa” format. In anotherembodiment, the master LDAP server can determine analyze the NAPTRrecord that has been provided by the subscriber server 130 to determinewhere to store the NAPTR record for future call session processing. Forexample, the master LDAP server 340 a can analyze 808 the URL or URIinformation in the NAPTR to determine whether the NAPTR is to ultimatelybe stored at an in-region slave name server or an out-of-region slavename server. In another embodiment, after the master LDAP server 340 adetermines the proper regional location to store NAPTR, then the masterLDAP server 340 a can write the NAPTR to a directory at an LDAP server340 a or 640 a for the determined site. In one embodiment, where themaster LDAP server 340 a determines that the storage is to an in-regionslave name server 352 a, then the NAPTR is written 812 to a directory ofan in-region (same region) LDAP server 340 a. In one embodiment, wherethe master LDAP server 340 a determines that the storage is to anout-of-region slave name server 652 a, then the NAPTR is written 912 toa directory of an out-of-region (different region) LDAP server 640 a.

In one embodiment, the LDAP servers 340 a-b synchronize usingmulti-master replication 1004. In one embodiment, the master name server348 for the North Central regional processing site 160 monitors 1008 thedirectory of the North Central region LDAP servers 340 a-b for anindication that new NAPTR data has been received. For example, themaster name server 348 can perform a directory search 1008 on any of theregional LDAP servers 340 a-b to determine if a new NAPTR has beenreceived, which could change the current NAPTR data configuration forthe North Central region or zone. When the master name server 348determines that new NAPRT data has been received, then master nameserver 348 can request 1010 the NAPTR data and receive 1012 the NAPTRdata from one of the LDAP servers 340 a-b. After receiving the NAPTRdata, in one embodiment, the master name server 348 can request 1016that the LDAP servers 340 a-b delete the NAPTR data from a data queueand/or directory of the LDAP servers 340 a-b. Following the deletion ofthe NAPTR data at the LDAP servers 340 a-b, the LDAP servers 340 a-b canbe resynchronized 1018.

In one embodiment, where the master LDAP determines that the NAPTR datais for an out-of-region device, then the LDAP servers 340 a-bsynchronize using multi-master replication 1104. In one embodiment, themaster name server 648 for the South Central regional processing site160 monitors 1008 the directory of the South Central region LDAP server640 a for an indication that new NAPTR data has been received. Forexample, the master name server 648 can perform a directory search 1108on the regional LDAP server 340 a to determine if a new NAPTR has beenreceived, which could change the current NAPTR data configuration forthe South Central region or zone. When the master name server 648determines that new NAPRT data has been received, then master nameserver 648 can request 1110 the NAPTR data and receive 1112 the NAPTRdata from the LDAP server 640 a. After receiving the NAPTR data, in oneembodiment, the master name server 648 can request 1116 that the LDAPservers 640 a delete the NAPTR data from a data queue and/or directoryof the LDAP servers 640 a. Following the deletion of the NAPTR data atthe LDAP servers 640 a, the LDAP servers 640 a can be resynchronized1118.

In another embodiment, the master name server 348 can notify 1204 anOAMP server 344 a for the sub-site 210 of the availability of new NAPTRdata. In one embodiment, the OAMP server 344 a request and receive 1208the new NAPTR data from the master name server 348 to propagate the newNAPTR data to the OAMP servers 344 a. In another embodiment, the OAMPservers 344 a can notify the in-region slave name servers 352 a-c forthe sub-site 210 to inform these slave name servers 352 a-c of theavailability of new NAPTR data. In one embodiment, the in-region slavename servers 352 a-c request and receive the new NAPTR data from theOAMP server 344 a to propagate the new NAPTR data to the in-region slavename servers 352 a-c.

FIG. 13 depicts an illustrative method 1300 that operates in portions ofthe devices of FIGS. 1-7, 14, and 15. Method 1300 can begin with step1304 in which, a directory server 340 a at a first regional processingsite 160 receives new name authority pointer (NAPTR) data from asubscriber server 130.

In step 1308, the directory server 340 a can determine if the new NAPTRdata is within a first region of the first regional processing site 160.If the new NAPTR data is within the first region, then the directoryserver 340 a can store the NAPTR data at a directory of the directoryserver 220 in step 1312.

In step 1316, a master name server 348 of the regional processing sitecan query the directory of the directory server 340 a, in step 1316, todetermine if a new NAPTR is at the directory of the directory server 340a at step 1320. If the NAPTR is at the directory, at step 1320, then thedirectory server 340 a can transmit the NAPTR data to the master nameserver 348 at step 1324. In step 1328, the master name server 348 canforward the NAPTR data to a slave name server in step 1328.

If the NAPTR is not within the first region of the first regionalprocessing site 160, then the directory server can transmit the NAPTRdata to a second directory server 640 a of a second regional processingsite 170 in step 1332. The second directory server 640 a of the secondprocessing site 170 can provision the NAPTR to master name server 648and/or slave name servers 562 a-b in step 1336.

Upon reviewing the aforementioned embodiments, it would be evident to anartisan with ordinary skill in the art that said embodiments can bemodified, reduced, or enhanced without departing from the scope andspirit of the claims described below. For example, in one embodiment,the OAMP servers 344 a-b can process housekeeping routines for alarmsand trap collection. In another embodiment, the OAMP servers 344 a-b caninterface with additional information technology systems. In anotherembodiment, the slave name servers 352 a-c can notify other slave nameservers of the availability of new NAPTR data and can transmit the NAPTRdata to the other slave name servers.

In another embodiment, the updating of OAMP servers and the slave nameservers can be performed by an incremental zone transfer (IXFR). Inanother embodiment, an IXFR can be used by the slave name servers tonotify their master servers which version of a zone, or collection ofNAPTR records, they currently hold. The slave name servers can furtherrequest transmission of only changes to the NAPTR records for their zonebetween their (old) version and the current (new) version. The size andduration of a zone transfer can thereby be reduced dramatically andresult in significant time savings.

It should be understood that devices described in the exemplaryembodiments can be in communication with each other via various wirelessand/or wired methodologies. The methodologies can be links that aredescribed as coupled, connected and so forth, which can includeunidirectional and/or bidirectional communication over wireless pathsand/or wired paths that utilize one or more of various protocols ormethodologies, where the coupling and/or connection can be direct (e.g.,no intervening processing device) and/or indirect (e.g., an intermediaryprocessing device such as a router).

FIG. 14 depicts an illustrative embodiment of a first communicationsystem 1400 for delivering media content. The communication system 1400can represent an Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) media system thatcan be used for delivering media content in the systems 1400 of FIG. 14.The communication system 1400 can be utilized to provide media contentto a wireless media processor device 1406 for presentation by a mediapresentation device 1408 by means of media server 130. In oneembodiment, the system 1400 can be a subscription content service. Themedia content can be any type of viewable content, such as broadcasttelevision, cable or premium television, video on demand, or pay-per-perview television. In one embodiment, the system 1400 can include one ormore media servers 130 that can receive media content from one or moremedia content sources. The media servers 130 can deliver media contentthrough the IPTV network 1400 to the wireless media processor device1406. The wireless media processor device 1406 can provide the deliveredmedia content to one or more media presentation devices 1408.

The IPTV media system 1400 can include a super head-end office (SHO)1410 with at least one super headend office server (SHS) 1411 whichreceives media content from satellite and/or terrestrial communicationsystems. In the present context, media content can represent, forexample, audio content, moving image content such as 2D or 3D videos,video games, virtual reality content, still image content, andcombinations thereof. The SHS server 1411 can forward packets associatedwith the media content to one or more video head-end servers (VHS) 1414via a network of video head-end offices (VHO) 1412 according to amulticast communication protocol.

The VHS 1414 can distribute multimedia broadcast content via an accessnetwork 1416 to commercial and/or residential buildings 1402 housing agateway 1404 (such as a residential or commercial gateway). The accessnetwork 1416 can represent a group of digital subscriber line accessmultiplexers (DSLAMs) located in a central office or a service areainterface that provide broadband services over fiber optical links orcopper twisted pairs 1419 to buildings 1402. The gateway 104 can usecommunication technology to distribute broadcast signals to mediaprocessors 106 such as Set-Top Boxes (STBs) which in turn presentbroadcast channels to media devices such as computers or television setsmanaged in some instances by a media controller 107 (such as an infraredor RF remote controller).

The gateway 104, the media processors 106, and media presentationdevices 108 can utilize tethered communication technologies (such ascoaxial, powerline or phone line wiring) or can operate over a wirelessaccess protocol such as Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth, Zigbee, orother present or next generation local or personal area wireless networktechnologies. By way of these interfaces, unicast communications canalso be invoked between the media processors 106 and subsystems of theIPTV media system for services such as video-on-demand (VoD), browsingan electronic programming guide (EPG), or other infrastructure services.

A satellite broadcast television system 1429 can be used in the mediasystem of FIG. 14. The satellite broadcast television system can beoverlaid, operably coupled with, or replace the IPTV system as anotherrepresentative embodiment of communication system 1400. In thisembodiment, signals transmitted by a satellite 1415 that include mediacontent can be received by a satellite dish receiver 1431 coupled to thebuilding 1402. Modulated signals received by the satellite dish receiver1431 can be transferred to the media processors 1406 for demodulating,decoding, encoding, and/or distributing broadcast channels to the mediadisplay devices 108. The media processors 1406 can be equipped with abroadband port to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) network 1432 toenable interactive services such as VoD and EPG as described above.

In yet another embodiment, an analog or digital cable broadcastdistribution system such as cable TV system 1433 can be overlaid,operably coupled with, or replace the IPTV system and/or the satelliteTV system as another representative embodiment of communication system1400. In this embodiment, the cable TV system 1433 can also provideInternet, telephony, and interactive media services. The subjectdisclosure can apply to other present or next generation over-the-airand/or landline media content services system.

Some of the network elements of the IPTV media system can be coupled toone or more computing devices 130, a portion of which can operate as aweb server for providing web portal services over the ISP network 1432to wireline media devices 1406 or wireless communication devices 1416.

Communication system 1400 can also provide for all or a portion of thecomputing devices 130 to function as a media server 130. The mediaserver 130 can use computing and communication technology to performfunction 1462, which can include among other things, providing mediacontent to one or more media processor devices 1406. The mediaprocessors 1406 and mobile communication devices 1416 can be provisionedwith software functions 1464 and 1465, respectively, to utilize theservices of media server 130.

Multiple forms of media services can be offered to media devices overlandline technologies such as those described above. Additionally, mediaservices can be offered to media devices by way of a wireless accessbase station 1417 operating according to common wireless accessprotocols such as Global System for Mobile or GSM, Code DivisionMultiple Access or CDMA, Time Division Multiple Access or TDMA,Universal Mobile Telecommunications or UMTS, World interoperability forMicrowave or WiMAX, Software Defined Radio or SDR, Long Term Evolutionor LTE, and so on. Other present and next generation wide area wirelessaccess network technologies can be used in one or more embodiments ofthe subject disclosure.

FIG. 15 depicts an illustrative embodiment of a communication system1500 employing P Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) network architecture tofacilitate the combined services of circuit-switched and packet-switchedsystems. Communication system 1500 can be overlaid or operably coupledwith communication system 1400 as another representative embodiment ofcommunication system 1400.

Communication system 1500 can comprise a Home Subscriber Server (HSS)1540, a tElephone NUmber Mapping (ENUM) server 1530, and other networkelements of an IMS network 1550. The IMS network 1550 can establishcommunications between IMS-compliant communication devices (CDs) 1501,1502, Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) CDs 1503, 1505, andcombinations thereof by way of a Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF)1520 coupled to a PSTN network 1560. The MGCF 1520 need not be used whena communication session involves IMS CD to IMS CD communications. Acommunication session involving at least one PSTN CD may utilize theMGCF 1520.

IMS CDs 1501, 1502 can register with the IMS network 1550 by contactinga Proxy Call Session Control Function (P-CSCF) which communicates withan interrogating CSCF (I-CSCF), which in turn, communicates with aServing CSCF (S-CSCF) to register the CDs with the HSS 1540. To initiatea communication session between CDs, an originating IMS CD 1501 cansubmit a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP INVITE) message to anoriginating P-CSCF 1504 which communicates with a correspondingoriginating S-CSCF 1506. The originating S-CSCF 1506 can submit the SIPINVITE message to one or more application servers (ASs) 1517 that canprovide a variety of services to IMS subscribers.

For example, the application servers 1517 can be used to performoriginating call feature treatment functions on the calling party numberreceived by the originating S-CSCF 1506 in the SIP INVITE message.Originating treatment functions can include determining whether thecalling party number has international calling services, call IDblocking, calling name blocking, 7-digit dialing, and/or is requestingspecial telephony features (e.g., *72 forward calls, *73 cancel callforwarding, *67 for caller ID blocking, and so on). Based on initialfilter criteria (iFCs) in a subscriber profile associated with a CD, oneor more application servers may be invoked to provide various calloriginating feature services.

Additionally, the originating S-CSCF 1506 can submit queries to the ENUMsystem 1530 to translate an E.164 telephone number in the SIP INVITEmessage to a SIP Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) if the terminatingcommunication device is IMS-compliant. The SIP URI can be used by anInterrogating CSCF (I-CSCF) 1507 to submit a query to the HSS 1540 toidentify a terminating S-CSCF 1514 associated with a terminating IMS CDsuch as reference 1502. Once identified, the I-CSCF 1507 can submit theSIP INVITE message to the terminating S-CSCF 1514. The terminatingS-CSCF 1514 can then identify a terminating P-CSCF 1516 associated withthe terminating CD 1502. The P-CSCF 1516 may then signal the CD 1502 toestablish Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) communication services,thereby enabling the calling and called parties to engage in voiceand/or data communications. Based on the iFCs in the subscriber profile,one or more application servers may be invoked to provide various callterminating feature services, such as call forwarding, do not disturb,music tones, simultaneous ringing, sequential ringing, etc.

In one embodiment, the communication system 1500 can be configured as anational telephony system that can be subdivided into a number ofgeographical regions. In one embodiment, an ENUM server 1530 can beconfigured as a series of regional ENUM servers. In one embodiment, aregional name server (RNS) 1535 can be configured as a series ofregional name servers. In one embodiment, a call session can beinitiated at the originating CD 1501 at a first geographic region. Theoriginating S-CSCF 1506 at the first geographic region can inquire at aregional ENUM server 1530 for that first geographic region to seek toresolve a telephone number for a terminating CD 1502 to an IP addressfor the terminating CD 1502.

In one embodiment, the regional ENUM server 1530 can determine if ageographic area associated with the telephone number of the terminatingCD 1502, such as a numbering plan area (NPA) code, is within the firstgeographic region of the RNS 1535. In one embodiment, the regional ENUMserver 1530 can compare a NPA code from the telephone number to a listof regional NPA codes to determine if the telephone number is within thefirst geographic region. If the telephone number corresponds to a firstgeographic region call (i.e., is a call from an originating CD 1501 inthe first geographic region to a terminating CD 1502 in the firstgeographic region), then the ENUM server 1530 can inquire to anin-region RNS 1535 for the NAPTR of the terminating device. If the NPAcod for the telephone number is found by the ENUM server 1530 to not bewithin the first geographic region, then the regional ENUM server 1530can determine a second geographic region that correctly corresponds tothe NPA code. In one embodiment, the ENUM server 1530 can send a requestto an out-of-region RNS 1535 for NAPTR of the terminating device.

In one embodiment, the communication system 1500 can distribute NAPTRrecords for the national telephony system among many RNS servers 1535 atseveral regional processing sites. In one embodiment, a subscriberserver 130 can provision NAPTR records among several in-region RNS 1535at each regional site such that each in-region RNS 1535 only stores andonly provides searching services for NAPTR records for telephone numberscorresponding to NPA area codes in the geographic region of theterminating device. In another embodiment, the subscriber server 130 canprovision NAPTR records among an out-of-region RNS 1535 at each regionalsite, so that each regional site includes at least one out-of-region RNS1535 to handle out-of-region calls. Each out-of-region RNS 1535 onlystores and provides searching services for NAPTR records for telephonenumbers corresponding to NPA area codes that are outside the geographicregion of the calling device.

In some instances the aforementioned communication process issymmetrical. Accordingly, the terms “originating” and “terminating” inFIG. 15 may be interchangeable. It is further noted that communicationsystem 1500 can be adapted to support video conferencing. In addition,communication system 1500 can be adapted to provide the IMS CDs 1501,1502 with the multimedia and Internet services of communication system1400 of FIG. 14.

If the terminating communication device is instead a PSTN CD such as CD1503 or CD 1505 (in instances where the cellular phone only supportscircuit-switched voice communications), the ENUM system 1530 can respondwith an unsuccessful address resolution which can cause the originatingS-CSCF 1506 to forward the call to the MGCF 1520 via a Breakout GatewayControl Function (BGCF) 1519. The MGCF 1520 can then initiate the callto the terminating PSTN CD over the PSTN network 1560 to enable thecalling and called parties to engage in voice and/or datacommunications.

It is further appreciated that the CDs of FIG. 15 can operate as wireline or wireless devices. For example, the CDs of FIG. 15 can becommunicatively coupled to a cellular base station 1521, a femtocell, aWiFi router, a Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) baseunit, or another suitable wireless access unit to establishcommunications with the IMS network 1550 of FIG. 15. The cellular accessbase station 1521 can operate according to common wireless accessprotocols such as GSM, CDMA, TDMA, UMTS, WiMax, SDR, LTE, and so on.Other present and next generation wireless network technologies can beused by one or more embodiments of the subject disclosure. Accordingly,multiple wire line and wireless communication technologies can be usedby the CDs of FIG. 15.

Cellular phones supporting LTE can support packet-switched voice andpacket-switched data communications and thus may operate asIMS-compliant mobile devices. In this embodiment, the cellular basestation 1521 may communicate directly with the IMS network 1550 as shownby the arrow connecting the cellular base station 1521 and the P-CSCF1516.

It is further understood that alternative forms of a CSCF can operate ina device, system, component, or other form of centralized or distributedhardware and/or software. Indeed, a respective CSCF may be embodied as arespective CSCF system having one or more computers or servers, eithercentralized or distributed, where each computer or server may beconfigured to perform or provide, in whole or in part, any method, step,or functionality described herein in accordance with a respective CSCF.Likewise, other functions, servers and computers described herein,including but not limited to, the HSS, the ENUM server, the BGCF, andthe MGCF, can be embodied in a respective system having one or morecomputers or servers, either centralized or distributed, where eachcomputer or server may be configured to perform or provide, in whole orin part, any method, step, or functionality described herein inaccordance with a respective function, server, or computer.

The subscriber server 130 of FIG. 1 can be operably coupled to thesecond communication system 1500 for purposes similar to those describedabove. It is further contemplated by the subject disclosure that thesubscriber server 130 can perform function 162 and thereby provideNAPTRs for use in telephony communications involving the CDs 1501, 1502,1503 and 1505 of FIG. 15. CDs 1501, 1502, 1503 and 1505, which can beadapted with software to perform function 1572 to utilize the servicesof the subscriber server 130. It is further contemplated that thesubscriber server 130 can be an integral part of the applicationserver(s) 1517 performing function 1574, which can be substantiallysimilar to function 162 and adapted to the operations of the IMS network1550.

For illustration purposes only, the terms S-CSCF, P-CSCF, I-CSCF, and soon, can be server devices, but may be referred to in the subjectdisclosure without the word “server.” It is also understood that anyform of a CSCF server can operate in a device, system, component, orother form of centralized or distributed hardware and software. It isfurther noted that these terms and other terms such as DIAMETER commandsare terms can include features, methodologies, and/or fields that may bedescribed in whole or in part by standards bodies such as 3^(rd)Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). It is further noted that some orall embodiments of the subject disclosure may in whole or in partmodify, supplement, or otherwise supersede final or proposed standardspublished and promulgated by 3GPP.

FIG. 16 depicts an illustrative embodiment of a web portal 1602 whichcan be hosted by server applications operating from the computingdevices 130 of the communication system 1400 illustrated in FIG. 14. Thecommunication system 1400 can be utilized to provide media content to awireless media processor device 1406 for presentation by a mediapresentation device 1408. The web portal system 1600 can be used toregister and maintain subscriber location and contact information and toconfigure alerts.

The web portal 1602 can be used for managing services of communicationsystems 1400-1500. A web page of the web portal 1602 can be accessed bya Uniform Resource Locator (URL) with an Internet browser such asMicrosoft's Internet Explorer™, Mozilla's Firefox™, Apple's Safari™, orGoogle's Chrome™ using an Internet-capable communication device such asthose described in FIGS. 14-15. The web portal 1602 can be configured,for example, to access a media processor 1406 and services managedthereby such as a Digital Video Recorder (DVR), a Video on Demand (VoD)catalog, an Electronic Programming Guide (EPG), or a personal catalog(such as personal videos, pictures, audio recordings, etc.) stored atthe media processor 1406. The web portal 1602 can also be used forprovisioning IMS services described earlier, provisioning Internetservices, provisioning cellular phone services, and so on.

The web portal 1602 can further be utilized to manage and provisionsoftware applications 1462-1465, and 1570-1574 to adapt theseapplications as may be desired by subscribers and service providers ofcommunication systems 1400-1500.

FIG. 17 depicts an illustrative embodiment of a communication device1700. Communication device 1700 can serve in whole or in part as anillustrative embodiment of the devices depicted or otherwise describedin FIGS. 1-13. The communication device 1700 can be utilized to receiveemergency alert notifications, messages, and/or video streams fordisplay at a wireless media processor device 1406; a media presentationdevice 1408, and/or a mobile communication device 1416.

The communication device 1700 can perform an operation associated withthe presentation of the emergency alert information at a displayaccording to the first action of the first viewer. The communicationdevice 1700 can comprise a wireline and/or wireless transceiver 1702(herein transceiver 1702), a user interface (UI) 1704, a power supply1714, a location receiver 1716, a motion sensor 1716, an orientationsensor 1720, and a controller 1706 for managing operations thereof. Thetransceiver 1702 can support short-range or long-range wireless accesstechnologies such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi, DECT, or cellularcommunication technologies, just to mention a few. Cellular technologiescan include, for example, CDMA-1X, UMTS/HSDPA, GSM/GPRS, TDMA/EDGE,EV/DO, WiMAX, SDR, LTE, as well as other next generation wirelesscommunication technologies as they arise. The transceiver 1702 can alsobe adapted to support circuit-switched wireline access technologies(such as PSTN), packet-switched wireline access technologies (such asTCP/IP, VoIP, etc.), and combinations thereof.

The UI 1704 can include a depressible or touch-sensitive keypad 1706with a navigation mechanism such as a roller ball, a joystick, a mouse,or a navigation disk for manipulating operations of the communicationdevice 1700. The keypad 1706 can be an integral part of a housingassembly of the communication device 1700 or an independent deviceoperably coupled thereto by a tethered wireline interface (such as a USBcable) or a wireless interface supporting for example Bluetooth. Thekeypad 1706 can represent a numeric keypad commonly used by phones,and/or a QWERTY keypad with alphanumeric keys. The UI 1704 can furtherinclude a display 1710 such as monochrome or color LCD (Liquid CrystalDisplay), OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) or other suitable displaytechnology for conveying images to an end user of the communicationdevice 1700. In an embodiment where the display 1710 is touch-sensitive,a portion or all of the keypad 1706 can be presented by way of thedisplay 1710 with navigation features.

The display 1710 can use touch screen technology to also serve as a userinterface for detecting user input. As a touch screen display, thecommunication device 1700 can be adapted to present a user interfacewith graphical user interface (GUI) elements that can be selected by auser with a touch of a finger. The touch screen display 1710 can beequipped with capacitive, resistive or other forms of sensing technologyto detect how much surface area of a user's finger has been placed on aportion of the touch screen display. This sensing information can beused to control the manipulation of the GUI elements or other functionsof the user interface. The display 1710 can be an integral part of thehousing assembly of the communication device 1700 or an independentdevice communicatively coupled thereto by a tethered wireline interface(such as a cable) or a wireless interface.

The UI 1704 can also include an audio system 1712 that utilizes audiotechnology for conveying low volume audio (such as audio heard inproximity of a human ear) and high volume audio (such as speakerphonefor hands free operation). The audio system 1712 can further include amicrophone for receiving audible signals of an end user. The audiosystem 1712 can also be used for voice recognition applications. The UI1704 can further include an image sensor 1713 such as a charged coupleddevice (CCD) camera for capturing still or moving images.

The power supply 1714 can utilize common power management technologiessuch as replaceable and rechargeable batteries, supply regulationtechnologies, and/or charging system technologies for supplying energyto the components of the communication device 1700 to facilitatelong-range or short-range portable applications. Alternatively, or incombination, the charging system can utilize external power sources suchas DC power supplied over a physical interface such as a USB port orother suitable tethering technologies.

The location receiver 1716 can utilize location technology such as aglobal positioning system (GPS) receiver capable of assisted GPS foridentifying a location of the communication device 1700 based on signalsgenerated by a constellation of GPS satellites, which can be used forfacilitating location services such as navigation. The motion sensor1716 can utilize motion sensing technology such as an accelerometer, agyroscope, or other suitable motion sensing technology to detect motionof the communication device 1700 in three-dimensional space. Theorientation sensor 1720 can utilize orientation sensing technology suchas a magnetometer to detect the orientation of the communication device1700 (north, south, west, and east, as well as combined orientations indegrees, minutes, or other suitable orientation metrics).

The communication device 1700 can use the transceiver 1702 to alsodetermine a proximity to a cellular, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or other wirelessaccess points by sensing techniques such as utilizing a received signalstrength indicator (RSSI) and/or signal time of arrival (TOA) or time offlight (TOF) measurements. The controller 1706 can utilize computingtechnologies such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP),programmable gate arrays, application specific integrated circuits,and/or a video processor with associated storage memory such as Flash,ROM, RAM, SRAM, DRAM or other storage technologies for executingcomputer instructions, controlling, and processing data supplied by theaforementioned components of the communication device 1700.

Other components not shown in FIG. 17 can be used in one or moreembodiments of the subject disclosure. For instance, the communicationdevice 1700 can include a reset button (not shown). The reset button canbe used to reset the controller 1706 of the communication device 1700.In yet another embodiment, the communication device 1700 can alsoinclude a factory default setting button positioned, for example, belowa small hole in a housing assembly of the communication device 1700 toforce the communication device 1700 to re-establish factory settings. Inthis embodiment, a user can use a protruding object such as a pen orpaper clip tip to reach into the hole and depress the default settingbutton. The communication device 1700 can also include a slot for addingor removing an identity module such as a Subscriber Identity Module(SIM) card. SIM cards can be used for identifying subscriber services,executing programs, storing subscriber data, and so forth.

The communication device 1700 as described herein can operate with moreor less of the circuit components shown in FIG. 17. These variantembodiments can be used in one or more embodiments of the subjectdisclosure.

The communication device 1700 can be adapted to perform the functions ofthe wireless media processor device 1406, the media presentation device1408, and/or the mobile communication devices 1416 of FIG. 14, as wellas the IMS CDs 1501-1502 and PSTN CDs 1503-1505 of FIG. 15. It will beappreciated that the communication device 800 can also represent otherdevices that can operate in communication systems 1400-1500 of FIGS.14-15 such as a gaming console and a media player.

The communication device 1700 shown in FIG. 17 or portions thereof canserve as a representation of one or more of the devices of communicationsystems 1400-1500. In addition, the controller 1706 can be adapted invarious embodiments to perform the functions 1462-1465 and 1570-1574,respectively.

In one or more embodiments, the wireless set top box can request andobtain remote access to multiple home media processor subscriberaccounts where the accounts may or may not be related. In this example,the wireless set top box can present media content or present othercommunication services (e.g., voice, video and/or data) associated withthe multiple subscriber accounts at multiple display devices and/or atthe same display device (e.g., multiple windows on a screen orpicture-in-picture presentation. In one or more embodiments, thewireless set top box is a multi-mode communication device capable ofengaging simultaneously in multiple communication sessions that utilizedifferent wireless protocols.

It should be understood that devices described in the exemplaryembodiments can be in communication with each other via various wirelessand/or wired methodologies. The methodologies can be links that aredescribed as coupled, connected and so forth, which can includeunidirectional and/or bidirectional communication over wireless pathsand/or wired paths that utilize one or more of various protocols ormethodologies, where the coupling and/or connection can be direct (e.g.,no intervening processing device) and/or indirect (e.g., an intermediaryprocessing device such as a router).

FIG. 18 depicts an exemplary diagrammatic representation of a machine inthe form of a computer system 1800 within which a set of instructions,when executed, may cause the machine to perform any one or more of themethods describe above. For example, the wireless media processor device1406, the media server device 1430, the media presentation device 1408,and/or the gateway device 1404, and/or the mobile communication device1416 can comprise a machine in the form of a computer system 1800. Insome embodiments, the machine may be connected (e.g., using a network1826) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine mayoperate in the capacity of a server or a client user machine inserver-client user network environment, or as a peer machine in apeer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment.

The machine may comprise a server computer, a client user computer, apersonal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a smart phone, a laptop computer, adesktop computer, a control system, a network router, switch or bridge,or any machine capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential orotherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. It will beunderstood that a communication device of the subject disclosureincludes broadly any electronic device that provides voice, video ordata communication. Further, while a single machine is illustrated, theterm “machine” shall also be taken to include any collection of machinesthat individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) ofinstructions to perform any one or more of the methods discussed herein.

The computer system 1800 may include a processor (or controller) 1802(e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU,or both), a main memory 1804 and a static memory 1806, which communicatewith each other via a bus 1806. The computer system 1800 may furtherinclude a display unit 1810 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD), aflat panel, or a solid state display. The computer system 1800 mayinclude an input device 1812 (e.g., a keyboard), a cursor control device1814 (e.g., a mouse), a disk drive unit 1816, a signal generation device1816 (e.g., a speaker or remote control) and a network interface device1820. In distributed environments, the embodiments described in thesubject disclosure can be adapted to utilize multiple display units 1810controlled by two or more computer systems 1800. In this configuration,presentations described by the subject disclosure may in part be shownin a first of the display units 1810, while the remaining portion ispresented in a second of the display units 1810.

The disk drive unit 1816 may include a tangible computer-readablestorage medium 1822 on which is stored one or more sets of instructions(e.g., software 1824) embodying any one or more of the methods orfunctions described herein, including those methods illustrated above.The instructions 1824 may also reside, completely or at least partially,within the main memory 1804, the static memory 1806, and/or within theprocessor 1802 during execution thereof by the computer system 1800. Themain memory 1804 and the processor 1802 also may constitute tangiblecomputer-readable storage media.

Dedicated hardware implementations including, but not limited to,application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic arrays andother hardware devices that can likewise be constructed to implement themethods described herein. Application specific integrated circuits andprogrammable logic array can use downloadable instructions for executingstate machines and/or circuit configurations to implement embodiments ofthe subject disclosure. Applications that may include the apparatus andsystems of various embodiments broadly include a variety of electronicand computer systems. Some embodiments implement functions in two ormore specific interconnected hardware modules or devices with relatedcontrol and data signals communicated between and through the modules,or as portions of an application-specific integrated circuit. Thus, theexample system is applicable to software, firmware, and hardwareimplementations.

In accordance with various embodiments of the subject disclosure, theoperations or methods described herein are intended for operation assoftware programs or instructions running on or executed by a computerprocessor or other computing device, and which may include other formsof instructions manifested as a state machine implemented with logiccomponents in an application specific integrated circuit or fieldprogrammable array. Furthermore, software implementations (e.g.,software programs, instructions, etc.) can include, but not limited to,distributed processing or component/object distributed processing,parallel processing, or virtual machine processing can also beconstructed to implement the methods described herein. It is furthernoted that a computing device such as a processor, a controller, a statemachine or other suitable device for executing instructions to performoperations or methods may perform such operations directly or indirectlyby way of one or more intermediate devices directed by the computingdevice.

While the tangible computer-readable storage medium 1822 is shown in anexample embodiment to be a single medium, the term “tangiblecomputer-readable storage medium” should be taken to include a singlemedium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database,and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one or more sets ofinstructions. The term “tangible computer-readable storage medium” shallalso be taken to include any non-transitory medium that is capable ofstoring or encoding a set of instructions for execution by the machineand that cause the machine to perform any one or more of the methods ofthe subject disclosure.

The term “tangible computer-readable storage medium” shall accordinglybe taken to include, but not be limited to: solid-state memories such asa memory card or other package that houses one or more read-only(non-volatile) memories, random access memories, or other re-writable(volatile) memories, a magneto-optical or optical medium such as a diskor tape, or other tangible media which can be used to store information.Accordingly, the disclosure is considered to include any one or more ofa tangible computer-readable storage medium, as listed herein andincluding art-recognized equivalents and successor media, in which thesoftware implementations herein are stored.

Although the present specification describes components and functionsimplemented in the embodiments with reference to particular standardsand protocols, the disclosure is not limited to such standards andprotocols. Each of the standards for Internet and other packet switchednetwork transmission (e.g., TCP/IP, UDP/IP, HTML, HTTP) representexamples of the state of the art. Such standards are from time-to-timesuperseded by faster or more efficient equivalents having essentiallythe same functions. Wireless standards for device detection (e.g.,RFID), short-range communications (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee), andlong-range communications (e.g., WiMAX, GSM, CDMA, LTE) can be used bycomputer system 1800.

The illustrations of embodiments described herein are intended toprovide a general understanding of the structure of various embodiments,and they are not intended to serve as a complete description of all theelements and features of apparatus and systems that might make use ofthe structures described herein. Many other embodiments will be apparentto those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. Otherembodiments may be utilized and derived therefrom, such that structuraland logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing fromthe scope of this disclosure. Figures are also merely representationaland may not be drawn to scale. Certain proportions thereof may beexaggerated, while others may be minimized Accordingly, thespecification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative ratherthan a restrictive sense.

Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and describedherein, it should be appreciated that any arrangement calculated toachieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodimentsshown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all adaptations orvariations of various embodiments. Combinations of the aboveembodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described herein,can be used in the subject disclosure, including combinations ofcomponents and/or steps from the embodiments and/or methods describedherein.

The Abstract of the Disclosure is provided with the understanding thatit will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of theclaims. In addition, in the foregoing Detailed Description, it can beseen that various features are grouped together in a single embodimentfor the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method ofdisclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that theclaimed embodiments require more features than are expressly recited ineach claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subjectmatter lies in less than all features of a single disclosed embodiment.Thus the following claims are hereby incorporated into the DetailedDescription, with each claim standing on its own as a separately claimedsubject matter.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: receiving, by a firstdirectory server of a first regional call processing system, a nameauthority pointer associated with a telephone number, wherein the nameauthority pointer comprises an internet protocol address forestablishing communications with a communication device associated withthe telephone number; determining, by the first directory server,whether the name authority pointer is within a first geographic regionof the first regional call processing system; transmitting, by the firstdirectory server, the name authority pointer to a second directoryserver of a second regional call processing system, wherein thetransmitting is responsive to a first determination that the nameauthority pointer is not located within the first geographic region,wherein the second directory server is accessible by a first name serverof the second regional call processing system for provisioning the nameauthority pointer to the first name server; determining, responsive to adirectory search by a master name server, whether the name authoritypointer had been newly received by the first directory server; andsynchronizing, responsive to a second determination that the nameauthority pointer had been newly received by the first directory server,a replicate directory of a third directory server of the first regionalcall processing system.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the seconddetermination that the name authority pointer had been newly received bythe first directory server is based upon the name authority pointerhaving changed a data configuration.
 3. The method of claim 1, whereinthe synchronizing comprises synchronizing the replicate directory of thethird directory server to a first directory of the first directoryserver.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing by thefirst directory server, responsive to a third determination that thename authority pointer is located within the first geographic region,the name authority pointer at a first directory of the first directoryserver.
 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: receiving, by thefirst directory server, a request to delete the name authority pointerfrom the first directory; and deleting, by the first directory server,the name authority pointer from the first directory responsive to therequest.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the name authority pointer isreceived from a subscriber server responsive to a change in thetelephone number of the communication device.
 7. The method of claim 1,wherein the first regional call processing system comprises a pluralityof geographic regions and wherein the first regional call processingsystem comprises a plurality of processors operating in a distributedprocessing environment.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the firstdetermination that the name authority pointer is not located within thefirst geographic region is based on a numbering plan area code of thetelephone number.
 9. A system, comprising: a processor; and a memorythat stores executable instructions that, when executed by theprocessor, perform operations, the operations comprising: determiningwhether a name authority pointer is within a first geographic region ofa first regional call processing system, wherein the determining whetherthe name authority pointer is within the first geographic region of thefirst regional call processing system is performed by a first directoryserver of the first regional call processing system, and wherein thename authority pointer comprises an internet protocol address forestablishing communications with a communication device associated witha telephone number; transmitting the name authority pointer, by thefirst directory server, to a second directory server of a secondregional call processing system, wherein the transmitting is responsiveto a first determination that the name authority pointer is not locatedwithin the first geographic region, and wherein the second directoryserver is accessible by a first name server of the second regional callprocessing system for provisioning the name authority pointer to thefirst name server; determining whether the name authority pointer hadbeen newly received by the first directory server, wherein thedetermining whether the name authority pointer had been newly receivedby the first directory server is responsive to a directory search by amaster name server; and synchronizing a replicate directory of a thirddirectory server of the first regional call processing system, whereinthe synchronizing is responsive to a second determination that the nameauthority pointer had been newly received by the first directory server.10. The system of claim 9, wherein the second determination that thename authority pointer had been newly received by the first directoryserver is based upon the name authority pointer having changed a dataconfiguration.
 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the synchronizingcomprises synchronizing the replicate directory of the third directoryserver to a first directory of the first directory server.
 12. Thesystem of claim 9, wherein the operations further comprise storing bythe first directory server, responsive to a third determination that thename authority pointer is located within the first geographic region,the name authority pointer at a first directory of the first directoryserver.
 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the operations furthercomprise: receiving, by the first directory server, a request to deletethe name authority pointer from the first directory; and deleting, bythe first directory server, the name authority pointer from the firstdirectory responsive to the request.
 14. The system of claim 9, whereina subscriber status of the communication device changes, resulting in achanged subscriber status, wherein the name authority pointer isreceived from a subscriber server responsive to the changed subscriberstatus, and wherein the changed subscriber status occurs due to a changeto the telephone number of the communication device.
 15. The system ofclaim 9, wherein the first regional call processing system comprises aplurality of geographic regions and wherein the first regional callprocessing system comprises a plurality of processors operating in adistributed processing environment.
 16. The system of claim 9, whereinthe first determination that the name authority pointer is not locatedwithin the first geographic region is based on a numbering plan areacode of the telephone number.
 17. A non-transitory machine-readablestorage medium comprising executable instructions that, when executed bya processing system including a processor, perform operations, theoperations comprising: determining, at a first directory server of afirst regional call processing system, whether a name authority pointerassociated with a telephone number is within a first geographic regionof the first regional call processing system; transmitting the nameauthority pointer to a first name server of the first regional callprocessing system for provisioning the name authority pointer to thefirst name server, wherein the transmitting is responsive to determiningthat the name authority pointer is located within the first geographicregion; determining, responsive to a directory search by a master nameserver, whether the name authority pointer had been newly received bythe first directory server, wherein a determination that the nameauthority pointer had been newly received by the first directory serveris based upon the name authority pointer having changed a dataconfiguration; and synchronizing, responsive to the determination thatthe name authority pointer had been newly received by the firstdirectory server, a replicate directory of a second directory server ofthe first regional call processing system.
 18. The non-transitorymachine-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the operationsfurther comprise storing, by the first directory server, the nameauthority pointer at a first directory of the first directory server.19. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 17,wherein the name authority pointer comprises an internet protocoladdress associated with a communication device.
 20. The non-transitorymachine-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the name authoritypointer is received from a subscriber server responsive to a change insubscriber status of the communication device, and wherein the change insubscriber status comprises changing the telephone number of thecommunication device.